The fertilizer is any substance organic or inorganic improving the quality of nutritional substrate for plants rooted in it. Natural examples organic fertilizer are both classic manure mixed with waste from agriculture as fodder the guano are the droppings of birds (eg poultry, like chicken ). The definition of manure as fertilizer regulations of the European Union is "material whose primary function is to provide nutrients to plants"
The action involves providing a fertilizer called fertilization. Fertilizers are part of the fertilizer products , as amended.
fertilizers have been used since the Joined , when added to soil, empirically, the phosphate of bone (calcined or not), nitrogen of animal and human excrement or potassium from the ashes.
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Fertilizers can be of two types: organic and mineral.
organic fertilizers Fertilizers organic are generally of animal or vegetable. May also be of synthesis (urea for example). The former are typically industrial wastes such as slaughterhouse waste (dried blood, horn roasted) fish waste, sludge of water purification. Are interesting for their contribution of nitrogen relatively slow decomposition, and its action favorable to the rapid multiplication of the soil microflora, but little richer soil humus stable.
The latter can be vegetable waste (green waste), composted or not. Its chemical composition depends on the plant and the appropriate circumstances. Besides organic matter contains large amounts of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and a high percentage of trace elements. Manure can also be used but adequate training is costly.
The principle of green manure that takes the ancient practice is to bury weeds. Is performed on an inter-cropping, which is buried in the same place.
When it comes to legumes such such as alfalfa or clover , also obtained an enrichment of soil available nitrogen for the associated root system type bacteria Rhizobium, capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. To make this technique more effective, sow the seeds with the bacteria.
Mineral mineral fertilizers are substances of mineral , produced either by chemical or by the exploitation of deposits natural (Phosphates, potash).
chemical industry mainly involved in the production of nitrogenous fertilizers, which pass through the synthesis of ammonia nitrogen from the air. Derived from ammonia and urea nitrato.También involved in the manufacture of complex fertilizers. Compound fertilizers can be simple mixtures, sometimes carried by the distributors (cooperatives or dealers).
There are many varieties of fertilizers are named according to its components. The simple compost fertilizer contains only one main . The compost is made up of two or más nutrientes principales (nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio) pudiendo contener alguno de los cuatro nutrientes secundarios (calcio, magnesio, sodio y azufre) o de los micronutrientes (boro, cobalto, cobre, hierro, manganeso, molibdeno y zinc) esenciales para el crecimiento de las plantas, aunque en pequeñas cantidades si se compara con los nutrientes principales y secundarios. El nombre de los abonos minerales está normalizado, en referencia a sus tres principales componentes: NPK. Los abonos simples pueden ser nitrogenados, fosfatados o potásicos. Los abonos binarios son llamados NP o PK o NK, los ternarios NPK. Estas letras van generalmente seguidas de cifras, representando las proporciones respectivas de los elements. Industrially produced chemical fertilizers contain a guaranteed minimum amount of nutrients, and is indicated in the sack.
For example, the formula 5-10-5 indicates the proportion of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) present in fertilizers, being 5% of N, P2O5 10% and 5% K2O
- The nitrogen supply is present as nitrogen N and is given in the form of nitrate NO3, NH4 ammonia or urea: storage difficulties as incite nitrate fertilizer distributors to move into urea ammonium forms.
- Phosphorus is present in the form but provided P2O5 in the form of calcium phosphate or ammonium.
- Potassium is present in the form of K2O but contributed by chloride, nitrate and potassium sulphate.
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